A Detailed Overview On Jones Act Puerto Rico | Jones Act Affect On Puerto Rico
Key Takeaways: Definition: The Jones Act ensures that all goods transported between U.S. ports and Puerto Rico must be carried on U.S.-built, U.S.-owned, and U.S.-crewed ships. Economic Impact: The act significantly increases the cost of living in Puerto Rico. It limits the shipping competition and raises freight costs. Current Status: The Act is fully in effect for Puerto Rico. We have seen temporary waivers during Hurricane Maria to avoid humanitarian crises. Controversy: People argue that the Jones Act of 1917 for Puerto Rico should be abolished. It no longer holds significance. It also reduces the standard of living in Puerto Rico. Scope: The Jones Act applies to all “coastwise” trade between U.S. points, including Alaska, Hawaii, and Guam. The ocean economy makes 10% to 12% of Puerto Rico’s economic growth. So, it’s important to notice the rights of the Puerto Rico people working in the oceans and on ships. And for their safety, the Jones Act was established over 100 years ago. Although the Jones Act primarily serves the US people, for Puerto Rico, it is crucial. It is not connected to the mainland. So, it relies entirely on maritime shipping for its basic needs. It means people and goods are carried on the ships. The Jones Act provides ship workers and other ocean workers, such as deep-dive welders, with protection during work and in unexpected events. It also creates an economic burden and sets rules for the transportation of goods between Puerto Rico ports and the US. What is the Puerto Rico Jones Act? The Puerto Rico Jones Act is under Section 27 of the Merchant Marine Act of 1920. The federal law sets rules for cargo moving between two U.S. ports. These cargoes must be transported on vessels that meet four strict criteria: U.S.-built: The ship must be constructed in a United States shipyard. U.S.-owned: At least 75% of the company must be controlled by U.S. citizens. U.S.-flagged: The ship must be registered under the United States flag. U.S.-crewed: The crew must consist of U.S. citizens or permanent residents. For Puerto Rico, these four criteria mean three things: A company wants to ship goods from Jacksonville, Florida, to San Juan They cannot use a lower-cost foreign vessel They must use a U.S. ship However, the freight rates for US cargos are increasingly high. So, it creates an economic burden for the Puerto Rico people. A Detailed Overview on Jones Act Puerto Rico We need to look back to 1920 to understand the Puerto Rico Jones Act. The then Senator Wesley Jones sponsored the act. It ensured the U.S. had a strong fleet of merchant ships. Also, it trained sailors available for national defense during times of war. The main purpose of the law was national security. However, the geography of Puerto Rico turned the law into an “island tax. They are far away from the mainland US. So, the Jones Act meant they had to use US ships for carrying goods. These freight ships have higher rates. It increases the product pricing in Puerto Rico. The Logistics of Trade Puerto Rico is a small island with limited agriculture. So, it imports 85% of its food and nearly all of its energy resources. Under the Jones Act, any of these goods coming from the U.S. mainland must arrive on U.S. vessels. It makes the transport expensive. Many times, a foreign ship drops off goods in New York. Then, on its way back, hypothetically, it can drop goods in Puerto Rico. However, it can’t legally pick up cargo in New York to deliver to San Juan. It creates “dead leg” voyages. Instead, the expensive US ships carry the goods. It increases the final price for consumers in Puerto Rico. Comparison of Shipping Costs We see that a U.S.-flagged vessel is significantly more expensive than a foreign-flagged one. U.S. ships have higher labor costs and stricter regulatory standards. Plus, the building cost of the US ships is often 3 to 5 times higher in international yards in Asia or Europe. These overheads are passed directly to Puerto Rican businesses and families. The Legislative History: Jones vs. Jones-Shafroth We must distinguish between the two “Jones Acts” in Puerto Rico. The Jones-Shafroth Act (1917): It granted U.S. citizenship to Puerto Ricans. The 1917 Act also organized the island’s government. The Merchant Marine Act (1920): The 1920 Jones Act is the maritime shipping law. Today, we refer to it as the “Jones Act.” The National Security Argument The labor unions and domestic shipbuilders are the main supporters of the 1920 Jones Act. They often argue that without the Jones Act, the U.S. would lose its ability to build ships. During a global conflict, the U.S. cannot rely on foreign nations. It could be too risky to transport its military hardware or essential supplies in foreign ships. Also, the U.S. domestic fleet ensures safe, consistent, and reliable transportation service to Puerto Rico. The US ships had maintained supply chains even during the COVID-19 pandemic. Political Resistance to Change The Government Accountability Office (GAO) studies found that Puerto Rico’s people pay higher costs for their daily goods. It happens because of the increased freight rates. So, many people and think tanks have suggested abolishing or amending the 1920 Jones Act. However, it isn’t easy due to political pressure. The domestic maritime industry has a powerful lobby in Washington, D.C. Also, many legislators view the act as a symbol of national sovereignty. How does the Jones Act affect Puerto Rico? The Jones Act affects Puerto Rico and its people in three sectors, including cost of living, energy, and disaster response. Increased Cost of Living: Everyday items, from cars to canned goods, cost more in San Juan than in Miami. The Jones Act has banned foreign competition. So, a few of the U.S. shipping companies have a monopoly in the market. They refused to lower the freight rates. Also, they face less pressure to lower prices without any competition. So, Puerto Rico’s people pay the regressive tax.
4 Different Maritime Injury Claims Types | Common Maritime Injuries | Role Of A Maritime Lawyer
Key Takeaways: Maritime accidents happen for many reasons. Most are preventable. Slips and falls are some of the most common. Victims with injuries can seek financial compensation for those losses. It will be up to the victim to prove who is at fault. Working with a maritime injury attorney can help you recover damages owed to you. Maritime injuries are those that happen on navigable waters. Rented boats and the use of another person’s assets could mean you can file a claim if hurt. Understanding maritime injury claim types is a big part of that process. Your attorney can help you navigate the entire process. What Is a Maritime Injury? A maritime injury is any type of accident or illness that happens on navigable waters. This includes on rented or leased boats. It can happen on commercial boats or ships. It often applies to injuries incurred by customers or visitors. What Are the Most Common Maritime Injuries? There are dozens of ways you can suffer an injury on a boat. The following are some of the most common maritime injuries. Note that these are just some examples. You should get care for any type of injury you have. Document the injuries, where they occurred, and when they happened. These are some initial risks. Loss of limbs or amputated fingers: Maritime equipment often has serious areas of risk for pinching. Getting caught between or caught in equipment can lead to amputations. Arm, hand, and shoulder injuries: Soft tissue injuries to the arms, hands, or shoulders are also common. This can happen from overreaching or extension. Leg, knee, and foot injuries: Falls are a common reason for leg, knee, and foot injuries. Getting caught in equipment can also be a cause for serious injury. Head injuries: Any strike to the head can lead to injuries. This includes conclusions from rapid back-and-forth movement. It may include fractures of the skull. Serious injuries can involve traumatic brain injuries. Traumatic brain injuries (TBI): Traumatic brain injuries are internal damage to the brain structure. This happens when force to the head causes damage to the soft tissues in the brain. Falls are a common cause. Neck and back injuries: Many people face serious injuries to their neck or back from straining. Picking up something too heavy is probably the most common cause. Twists and turns with too much pressure can also be a factor. Spinal cord injuries (SCI) Some falls can lead to damage to the spinal cord. This often causes nerve damage and results in partial or full paralysis. Some suffer from chronic pain. Broken bones and fractures Broken bones often occur in maritime accidents due to falls. Being crushed in equipment can also be a concern. Crush injuries Crushing injuries happen when heavy equipment falls on a person. It can also happen if a person is pinned behind equipment. Burns from fire, explosions, or extreme heat Fires can break out on many of the surfaces of boats. Explosions also cause devastating injuries. Extreme heat from equipment can also cause serious injury. Chemical burns Numerous chemicals are on board most boats. Exposure can lead to illness development, including cancer. Other times, chemical burns can cause from chemicals coming in contact with your skin. Electrical shock injuries Unsafe conditions around a boat can lead to an electrical shock. These can be devastating in some situations. Drowning and near-drowning injuries Falling overboard is just one cause of drowning or near-drowning accidents. Pools and spas onboard larger boats can also cause serious risks. Hypothermia and frostbite Being in the water or cold for too long can cause serious risk to the skin and tissue. Hypothermia and frostbite can be devastating conditions. Hearing loss Very loud sounds can cause significant injury to hearing. The loss of hearing can be a catastrophic injury that impacts every facet of your life. Blindness or vision loss Toxic exposure, electrical shock, and numerous other instances can cause loss of vision. This is another catastrophic injury. Lung diseases, including mesothelioma Exposure to chemicals can lead to lung damage. Mesothelioma is specifically a risk in older equipment that involves the use of asbestos material. Occupational cancers Exposure to chemicals and toxins over time can lead to a serious risk of cancer development. Toxic pollutants in the air can also lead to these injuries. Repetitive stress and overuse injuries Much of the work done on board boats can also contribute to repetitive strain and overuse. Carpal tunnel is one example. Injuries resulting from assault or onboard violence Negligent security is another type of risk on board many boats. Assault from workers or others can lead to serious injuries. 4 Common Maritime Injury Claims Types: Any injury can be scary. Knowing your rights is super important. Consider these types of maritime injury claims in Seattle options. The key is to consider where the injury happened. You may have been working at the time of the accident. You may not have been working, but using someone else’s boat. You may also be visiting someone’s property. All of these factors contribute to who caused your injuries. Here are some types of claims you may file to recover your damages. Jones Act Claim: The Jones Act allows seamen to hold their employers accountable for negligence. That allows you to recover injuries from maritime work. This type of claim falls under the federal government laws. It only applies if you are a seaman. That means you spend 30% or more of your time on a vessel on navigable waters. This takes the place of workers’ compensation coverage. It allows you to seek compensation for lost wages. It also covers medical expenses. If you cannot go back to work, it may also provide disability protections. Maintenance and Cure Claims: Maintenance and Cure claims are a type of no-fault benefit. It provides for daily living expenses as well as medical care during a recovery. You will need this protection depending on when and how you were hurt. These claims cover your medical
How Do Cruise Ship Injury Lawyers Gather Evidence: A Step-by-Step Guideline
Key Takeaways: Collect Evidence Early: Gather high-quality proof like photos, videos, and witness names immediately after the accident for a successful claim. Protect Digital Proof: Lawyers send “spoliation letters” to the cruise line. It prevents them from deleting helpful CCTV footage or maintenance records. Watch the Deadlines: Cruise ship injury claims have much shorter filing deadlines than accidents on land. So, you must act quickly. Prove Negligence: You must show that the cruise line knew about a specific danger but failed to fix it or warn passengers. Use Professional Experts: Our legal team uses maritime experts and medical data to build a strong case so that you receive maximum payout. When we go on a cruise, we expect it to be a relaxing getaway. However, our dream cruise vacation could turn into a legal nightmare when an accident occurs. In such cases, gathering all the required evidence for your compensation is quite a challenge. So, how do cruise ship injury lawyers gather evidence? Cruise ship accident claims fall under maritime law. It has strict deadlines and requirements, unlike regular land-based laws. The jury asks for concrete proof. So, cruise ship accident lawyers follow these steps to collect the evidence: Legal Preservation of Evidence Accident Scene Documentation Medical and Expert Consultation Recovery of Shipboard Records Witness Testimony Collection These steps require an extensive, standardized procedure. As a client, you can go through these steps to know how our cruise ship attorneys fight for you. Key Evidence Needed For Cruise Ship Injury Lawsuit The chances of winning a settlement after a cruise ship accident largely depend on your documents. The attorney must prove that the cruise line’s negligence caused your harm. For this, lawyers use photos and videos of the accident scene. Also, we verify the statements of the witness, the official report, and the CCTV footage. We even discuss with the medical professionals to assess your injury severity. Finally, we evaluate the physical and economic loss associated with it. Photographs and Videos of the Accident Scene Visual proof is the easiest way to demonstrate the cruise operator’s negligence. When we submit photos and videos of a slippery floor or broken window, it immediately establishes your claim. So, you must take clear photos of the cause of the accidents. It could be a puddle without a “wet floor” sign, a broken handrail, or poor lighting. Capture the photos and videos from multiple angles. Also, if possible, take wide shots to show the context of the location. Witness Statements Witness statements are also crucial for proving the cruise operator’s negligence. There could be other passengers or crew members who saw the incident. They can provide unbiased and detailed accounts of the accident. If possible, record a quick video of them. They could explain what they saw. Also, you can request them to write a brief note about the accidents. Their perspective can confirm details you might have missed during the accident. It’s critical because often injured people forget key details due to the shock of the injury. Official Accident Report of The Cruise Ship Cruise operators and their security or medical team will likely create an internal report. Always request a copy of the report. The report should include details of the accident and your injury. Also, before signing any document, be careful and read thoroughly. You should always stick to the facts. Also, never admit fault or say sorry. Otherwise, the cruise line will use it against you. Lastly, avoid saying “I’m fine” before a doctor evaluates you. Surveillance Footage (CCTV) Modern cruise ships are covered in cameras. Almost every inch of the cruise ships is now under 24/7 surveillance. The CCTV footage is the “holy grail” of evidence. The footage shows the timeline and details of events. However, cruise lines often recycle this footage quickly. So, you must contact a legal team to intervene and collect the footage before it is erased. Also, your legal team will save and preserve it. Medical Records and Bills It is crucial to collect and preserve your shipboard medical center records. Also, you must collect records of the subsequent treatments back home. These documents prove the extent of your injuries. It is also essential to link them directly to the shipboard accident. The lawyer will use it to assess and prepare the payouts. Document of Damages Keep a log of all financial losses. It includes medical bills, lost wages from missing work, and future costs. Also, preserve receipts for out-of-pocket expenses, including specialized transport or physical therapy equipment. It will establish the authenticity of your economic claim. Witness Contact Information Names and phone numbers of the witnesses are crucial to contact them. Once the cruise ends, it is nearly impossible to track down a fellow passenger from another country. You should collect their WhatsApp number, Facebook Id or other social media accounts for quick reach. If you don’t collect the witness contact, you will probably lose their valuable evidence. It will impact your injury claims and output. Preserve Physical Evidence Maybe you tripped over a loose carpet or slipped on an oily substance, causing the injury. If so, you should keep the shoes and clothing you were wearing. Do not wash them as they may contain forensic proof of the hazard. It will help our accident experts to reconstruct the event and explain it better to the jury. How Do Cruise Ship Injury Lawyers Gather Evidence It’s not an easy task to collect, preserve, and use the evidence to improve the authenticity of your cruise ship accident cases. Once you reach the cruise ship injury lawyer, he will assess your case as you describe it. Then, he will make a list of the required evidence and immediately start working to collect it. Initial Case Assessment The process of collecting the accident evidence begins with a deep dive into your passenger ticket contract. The ticket document often contains “fine print.” It dictates where you can sue. Also, the contract specifies the time you have to
How Common Are Cruise Ship Accidents?: A Detailed Discussion
Key Takeaways: Safety Statistics: Major shipwrecks are rare these days. However, daily slip-and-fall injuries occur frequently. Top Crime: Sexual assault is the most commonly reported serious crime on cruises. Property theft is the second most common crime on cruise ships. Health Risks: Norovirus spreads rapidly in cruise ships due to their closed environment and high density of passengers. Primary Causes: Human error and operator negligence cause most avoidable ship accidents. Legal Rights: Maritime law limits your time to sue from 6 months to 1 year; check your cruise ticket. How common are cruise ship accidents? In the past 25 years, major disasters like sinkings have become rare. However, minor accidents and medical incidents happen regularly. Statistically, the chance of a serious cruise ship accident for a passenger is roughly 1 in 6.25 million. Also, slips and falls, food poisoning, and mechanical failures are common. If you are involved in a cruise ship accident, you should immediately contact an experienced maritime lawyer. It’s crucial to assess your damage and file the compensation before the statute of limitations expires. How Common Are Cruise Ship Accidents? In 2025, the cruise chip industry hosted over 37 million travelers worldwide. More than 300 ocean-going vessels served the 37 million passengers. However, the accident numbers were at a record low. According to maritime safety reports, a total of 27 losses were recorded globally in 2024 across all vessel types. The accident rates continued a downward trend. These days, total sinking and loss of the cruise ships are almost none. Passengers, however, face injuries from slips and falls, medical emergencies, and operational failures. Understanding Cruise Ship Accident Frequency Cruise ship accident frequency is determined by “incidents”. Among all, machinery damage and engine failures cause more than 50% maritime incidents globally. Also, minor personal injuries are higher among passengers than ship-wide emergencies. Around 30 million people cruise each year. However, only 5000 to 6000 people experience minor or major accidents. Recently, a three-year study of shipboard medical centers found approximately 663 reported injuries. Only 12.5% of these injuries were serious. In the last two to three decades, ship crashes or sinkings have become rare. It’s because the cruise lines have introduced better safety standards for their ships. Common Types of Accidents Cruise Ships Encounter At Sea From vessel collisions to slips and falls, cruise ship accidents have different causes. As a passenger, you must know about the types and reasons of cruise ship accidents. It will help you stay safer and more prepared. Vessel Collisions and Grounding Incidents The ship could hit another vessel or the seabed. Modern GPS has reduced the collision rates. However, pilot errors in tight harbors still cause minor collisions. Slip and Fall Accidents Slips and falls are the most common passenger injury. The reasons include wet decks, steep staircases, and ship motion. As a result, thousands of minor and major falls occur annually. Man-Overboard and Passenger Overboard Incidents Men overboard from the cruise ships are rare but highly lethal. Statistics show that only about 28% of people survive the fall and cold water. Defective Equipment and Onboard Machinery Failures Occasionally, cruise ships experience failures in elevators, sliding glass doors, or recreational equipment. Plus, water slides can fail. All these could lead to unexpected and severe passenger injuries. Ship Mechanical Malfunctions and Engine Failures A ship could be drifting due to propulsion loss or “blackouts”. Although it’s not rare, it turns the cruises to hell without air conditioning or toilets. Sexual Assault Tragically, sexual assault is the most commonly reported serious crime on cruise ships. Male passengers often get drunk and assault females. Also, sexual assault is common in private passenger cabins. Norovirus Outbreaks Although highly contagious, norovirus outbreaks aren’t common these days. It is a minor gastrointestinal illness. The year 2025 saw a 22% surge in reported outbreaks on major cruise lines. Food Contamination Cruise ships rely on mass catering for 1000 to 5000 people inside the ship. It increases the risk of E. coli or Salmonella. One contaminated kitchen and hundreds of passengers will fall ill simultaneously. Medical Negligence Cruise lines recruit independent and onboard doctors. It might cause misdiagnosis or delayed treatment for heart attacks and strokes. You can claim wrongful death compensation for medical negligence. The 5 Leading Causes of Cruise Ship Accidents Human error, unpredictable weather at sea, food contamination, etc., are the reasons for cruise ship accidents. Operator Negligence Operator negligence includes bridge team errors in navigation: Misreading charts Miscalculating distances during docking. Cruise lines’ failure to maintain the vessel properly. A crew might ignore a leaking fuel line or fail to dry a public walkway. It creates a “negligent” environment, leading to fires or falls. Weather and Sea Conditions Although we now have advanced meteorology, ocean weather is still unpredictable. “Rogue waves” or sudden tropical squalls can cause a ship to list (tilt) or move violently. As the ship tilts or moves violently, furniture or glass panels break or fall on the passengers. It injures passengers more frequently than anything else on the cruise lines. Also, cruise ships are forced to ground due to bad weather. Contaminated Food and Water Cruise ships have a closed ecosystem, and a few kitchens serve thousands of travelers. So, a single contaminated shipment of packed food can cause a massive outbreak of food poisoning. Also, a water filtration system can fail, causing a ship-wide crisis. A single passenger can introduce norovirus. It could then spread through shared buffet utensils and high-touch surfaces. Lack of Adequate Security People are in a “vacation mindset” at cruise ships. It is a major cause of crimes on the ships as passengers lower their guard. The cruise line’s internal staff handles the internal security. So, there are often inadequate security patrols. Over-service of alcohol further contributes to the increased crime rates and sexual assaults in the cruise lines. Cruise Ship Fires A fire in the engine room can knock out power, steering, and the communication system on the ship. Most fires occur due to electrical
A Detailed Overview of the ONE Apus Container Ship Accident | Injuries and Losses | Post-Accident
Key Takeaways: Record-Breaking Cargo Loss: The ONE Apus lost 1,816 containers overboard. It was one of history’s largest non-collision maritime cargo disasters. Extreme Weather Impact: Severe storms induced parametric rolling. Thus, the massive stack collapsed despite the ship’s modern stabilization technology. Dangerous Goods Released: Among the lost containers, 64 containers were carrying hazardous materials like batteries, fireworks, and liquid ethanol. Massive Financial Damage: Total insurance claims and cargo losses were estimated to exceed $200 million for global shippers. Industry Safety Shift: Immediate reviews focused on enhanced safty protocols and weather routing for ultra-large container ships. In late 2020 when the ONE Apus accident shocked the maritime world. The titan of the water experienced a catastrophic cargo failure. One Apus was navigating the treacherous waters of the Pacific. Right then, the vessel came across a weather system. The weather condition resulted in one of the largest non-collision cargo losses ever recorded. The container ship accident of 2020 sparked intense debates about vessel design, the pressure of global supply chains, and the adequacy of modern lashing systems. Also, people argued about new container ship handling guidelines and the increased safety of goods and crews. An Overview of the ONE Apus Container Ship: The ONE Apus container ship is an ultra-large container vessel (ULCV). The Ocean Network Express (ONE) owns and operates this ULCV for worldwide goods transportation. Since the first time the ship hit the water, it was always among the topics for its gigantic size. Built in 2019, the ship is a marvel of modern engineering. It is 364 meters long and has a capacity of 14,000 Twenty-foot Equivalent Units (TEU). The ONE Apus container ship has an efficient and modern design. It maximizes efficiency on the busy trade routes between Asia and North America. The ONE Apus container ship was a relatively new vessel at the time of the incident. So, it had the latest navigation and stabilization technology. Thus, everyone expected it to transport the goods safely. That’s why the accident came as a shock, and everyone wondered as to why and how the ship suffered such a catastrophic accident. Its modern safety features made the event more questionable. A Detailed Story – ONE Apus Container Ship Accident 2020: On November 30, 2020, the ONE Apus was going from Yantian, China, to Long Beach, California. The ship experienced a violent storm cell roughly 1,600 nautical miles northwest of Hawaii. It begun a chaos that eventually led to a historic maritime insurance claim. The insurance claim was followed by a logistical nightmare. Accident Overview: Extreme weather conditions were responsible for the one apus container incident. The vessel reportedly encountered gale-force winds. On top of it, large swells on the ocean induced “parametric rolling.” Thus, the ship experienced heavy, rapid rolling in head or following seas as a result of the windy phenomenon. The parametric rolling caused the ship to tilt uncontrollably. So, the ship titled in extreme angles reportedly up to 30-40 degrees. As a result, the titling forces exceeded the strength of the lashing gear and container corner posts. It started a “domino effect” in the stacks. Hence, the steel towers of the ship crashed into the Pacific Ocean. The remaining deck turned into a ruin with heavy loss of containers, calculated in millions. Injuries and Losses: Although The One Apus suffered a serious accident, miraculously, there were no reported injuries. The ship reported that all the crew members were safe. The advanced safety features of the superstructure, such as ample space and built quality, ensured everyone was safe during the storm. However, the one apus lost a staggering number of containers totaling 1,816 units. 64 containers were carrying “Dangerous Goods,” among the lost containers. Their goods included fireworks, batteries, and liquid ethanol. Thankfully, a quick and comprehensive rescue operation meant the dangerous goods didn’t harm the ocean’s biology. The financial loss was estimated to exceed $200 million, as per the US Coast Guard report. It impacted thousands of consignees ranging from small e-commerce businesses to major global retailers. Post-Accident History: Following the loss, the one apus abandoned its trek to California. It, instead, turned back toward Japan for safety. The ship arrived at the Port of Kobe on December 8, 2020. There, the ship became operational again after a months-long recovery. Workers had to carefully remove thousands of damaged containers. Among these containers, some were dangling dangerously over the hull. Once the worker removed those containers, the main repair work began. The incident led to a surge in “General Average” declarations. Also, Japan Marine Accident Inquiry (JMAI) began a multi-year investigation. On top of it, the flag state also took a separate investigation. The focus of both investigations was to determine if human error or mechanical failure played a role in the shocking accident. What to do in the Case of a Container Ship Accident? The immediate aftermath of a major maritime accident includes legal filings, insurance claims, and logistical redirections. For cargo owners and crew, it could be overwhelming. So, you must know the correct procedural steps of filing a case, insurance claims, and legal steps to protect your rights. Things to Do After a Container Ship Accident: Are you a stakeholder or a worker affected by a container ship accident? If so, follow these steps: Notify Insurers Immediately: You must immediately report it to insurer because marine insurance has strict windows for reporting losses. Secure the Bill of Lading: The bill of lading is your primary evidence of the contract and cargo value. So, collect and secure it. Document Everything: Are you a crew member of the ship? If so, keep a personal log of the incident. Also, if you observe any operational or safety violations, keep a record of it. Identify Dangerous Goods: Assess and flag all hazardous materials safely to port authorities. It is essential to prevent secondary explosions, further accidents or environmental leaks. Retain Maritime Counsel: Hire an expert maritime lawyer to navigate the complex admiralty law. It’s crucial to secure your
How Dangerous Is Commercial Fishing | Accident Types | Why Dangerous | Fishing Laws And Accident Attorney
Key Takeaways: Commercial fishing is an inherently dangerous industry: The US commercial fishing industry causes most accidents and fatalities despite implementing high-safety. High rate of fatality: with 50 deaths in 2022 and 23 fatalities per 100,000 full-time employees, commercial fishing is more dangerous than most jobs. Fishermen are at risk of serious accidents: Commercial fishing ships are full of hazards that can result in serious injuries or death, including slips and falls, falling overboard, and getting caught in equipment. The environment of a commercial fishing ship is hazardous: A fisherman has to work in an unpredictable and wet environment that can cause them to sustain an injury. The Jones Act provides employee protection after an injury: Fishermen who are injured while working on a fishing vessel have rights provided by the act, and a commercial fishing accident attorney can help them enforce their rights. Commercial fishing is an industry that supplies the US with its supply of fresh fish. The work is done in all kinds of water conditions, and puts employees on the deck at risk of injury. In fact, with 50 deaths per year and 23 deaths per 100,000 full-time employees, commercial fishing is one of the riskiest jobs in the US. The occupation of a commercial fisherman comes with the risk of injury from slippery conditions, injuries from handling equipment, and even death from falling overboard. Read on to learn more about the hazards associated with the job. Most Common Types of Commercial Fishing Accidents: The dangers of commercial fishing frequently result in the following types of accidents. They include. Disasters in Ships: A ship disaster is classified as a ship sinking, colliding with another ship, or capsizing from rough seas. Everyone on board is at risk of a serious injury or drowning when a ship is going through a disastrous incident. Fire is another ship disaster that has serious implications for everyone on board. Falls Overboard: Workers on a ship have to deal with a constantly changing environment, slippery decks, and a lack of safety on poorly maintained vessels. Add into consideration the fact that many workers are fatigued during their shifts and the chance of falling overboard skyrockets. Injuries from Equipment: The equipment on a fishing vessel is designed to swing and move for various purposes. A worker is at risk of being hit by the boom on a crane or caught in the lines that bring up the nets. If a worker is processing the catch, they can get injuries from the conveyor belt that transports the fish. Strain Injuries happening repetitively: This type of injury is known as repetitive strain, and it’s the result of doing the same motion over and over again. A fisherman’s job is to draw in and process fish, actions that require moving the body in the same way each time. Over time, muscles, tendons, and ligaments get fatigued, which results in the development of injuries. Onboard falls and slips: The deck of a shipping vessel is always wet with water and slime. This creates a slippery footing that’s difficult to counter. The seaman is at constant risk of a slip and fall that results in a serious injury. The slip and fall can also result in someone going overboard. Type of Accident Primary Cause of Accident Typical Outcome Ship disaster Collision with another ship, ship sinks, or runs aground Various injuries, fatalities Engine room fires Ship engine catches on fire Burns, scalds, smoke inhalation Deck machinery Getting caught in lines, equipment malfunctions Crush injuries, amputations, broken bones Rough weather conditions Causes a seaman to go overboard, or a collision with nearby surfaces Hypothermia, drowning Hazardous materials Poorly kept chemical containers can release the contents onto the deck Burns, inhalation injuries Falling from docks Failure to pay attention while traversing the dock Crush injuries, drowning Why is commercial fishing dangerous? The environment of a commercial fishing boat is one that’s active, risky, and uncertain. The fishermen have to move quickly to bring in the current catch, send it down for processing, then throw the nets or traps back out as fast as possible. Time is money on a commercial fishing boat, and safety doesn’t always get observed. Commercial fishing laws are designed to keep fishermen safe, but enforcement is difficult. Fishermen face the following issues when out to sea. Bad Weather: Bad weather is a constant issue with commercial fishing. Sometimes the best time to harvest a particular type of fish is during the winter or stormy seasons. The boats go out on choppy waters, and high seas or waves can show up unexpectedly. Staying Too Long In Vessel: Fishermen work long hours each day while using equipment and shifting heavy loads. The longer a seaman stays on the ship means they get more fatigued and sore with each day. This means they’re not at their best when they work for too many hours aboard the ship. Heavy Equipment and Machines: Commercial fishing ships use heavy equipment that includes cranes and winches to bring in a catch and transfer loads. Fishermen are at risk of getting a crush injury or suffering an amputation because they’re fatigued and can’t make good decisions when operating or moving around heavy equipment. Remote Shipping Locations and Delayed Response: A commercial fishing ship can find itself a long way from a location with modern medical facilities. If a seaman is injured in a remote part of the ocean, they can wait for some time to get proper medical care. They may have to settle for a lower standard of care in a remote community. Overboard Events in Ship: An overboard event means a seaman has gone overboard into the water. The reasons why this happens are many, but the risk of death increases greatly due to water conditions. Death is also likely if the ship’s crew can’t spot the person overboard. Fatigue and Mental Toll: Fatigue and a loss of mental acuity are a common problem for fishermen. The work on a commercial
Arctic Rose Sinking Story | Investigation Process | Death and Injury Details
Key Takeaways From The Arctic Rose Sinking: Sudden Catastrophe: The F/V Arctic Rose sank on April 2, 2001, in the Bering Sea. The commercial fishing vessel vanished in less than five minutes, taking all 15 crew members with it. Cause of Sinking: Rapid progressive flooding through an open aft watertight door was the primary cause of the sink. Also, there were stability issues. Stability Negligence: The owners modified the vessel’s structure. Also, they did it without proper naval architect consultation, compromising the vessel’s stability. Regulatory Loophole: The 199-ton vessel was just under the 200-ton threshold. So, it was exempted from mandatory U.S. Coast Guard safety and stability inspections. Survivor: All 15 crew members were dead. However, only Captain David Rundall’s body was found. The F/V Arctic Rose sank in the Bering Sea, making it one of the most shocking commercial fishing disasters in recent U.S. history. On April 2, 2001, the 92-foot-long vessel vanished without a distress call. It took the lives of all 15 crew members in the icy Alaskan waters. The investors and experts were left in the dark as the ship sank in less than 4 minutes. The subsequent investigation found that the vessel had stability, regulatory oversight, and crew safety training issues. Also, being a 12-year-old commercial shipping vessel, it was already under strict scrutiny. Following its sinking, maritime claims were made that the ship operator and owner settled at an undisclosed amount. Overview of Arctic Rose: The F/V Arctic Rose was a 92-foot-long commercial fishing vessel. It worked as a head and gut catcher-processor. It could catch fish, remove the heads and entrails, and then flash-freeze the product before offloading. It means the ship could perform multiple tasks at the same time. Originally, the vessel was built as a shrimp crawler in 1988 in Biloxi, Mississippi, for the Gulf of Mexico. The vessel underwent several conversions and name changes. It was later reoutfitted to trawl in the Pacific. Finally, the Arctic Sole Seafoods bought it in 1999 and renamed it the Arctic Rose. Although the ship operated in the Bering Sea, it was controlled from Seattle, Washington. In 2001, it became the center of one of the deadliest U.S. commercial fishing accidents of the last 100 years. The Coast Guard found that the owners had made numerous modifications, including: Weight additions. Removals. Relocations. Shockingly, the owner did all these without consulting a naval architect. They didn’t assess the vessel’s stability. The vessel was initially classified under 200 tons. Also, it was largely uninspected by the Coast Guard, which further contributed to its fatal accident. A Detailed Story of Arctic Rose Sinking: The final voyage of the Arctic Rose Wasilla began in early 2001, departing from Seattle’s Fisherman’s Terminal. It was headed for the Bering Sea, specifically the Zemchug Canyon. The famous fishing ground was approximately 200 miles northwest of St. Paul Island. The commercial vessel was heading to fish for sole. Even before its departure, the vessel’s seaworthiness was questionable. It had engine and equipment problems due to unverified structure modification and weight distribution. When did the Arctic Rose sink? The Arctic Rose sank in the early morning of April 2, 2001. It was operating in the Bering Sea under severe weather conditions. There was reportedly a triple-point system, a collision of three fronts, active in the region. It caused high winds and waves of up to 24 feet. At 03:35 on April 2, 2001, an Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon (EPIRB) activated and alerted the Coast Guard Command Center in Juneau, Alaska. Thus, everyone knew that the ship was in distress and submerged. However, the crew didn’t release any verbal Mayday or distress call. The vessel’s sister ship, the Alaskan Rose, was fishing just a few miles away. However, it did not immediately receive a distress message. The Coast Guard launched their C-130 aircraft from Kodiak. It arrived on the scene hours later, only to see that the vessel had already disappeared. The search efforts initially found only debris and an oil sheen. The body of Captain David Rundall was found partially in a survival suit. Later, a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) located the wreckage of the Arctic Rose. It was on the seafloor, resting upright in 428 feet of water. The Coast Guard investigation concluded that the vessel sank with frightening speed. It sank within 1 minute 30 seconds to 2 minutes 40 seconds, and certainly less than five minutes. Investigation into the Sinking of The Arctic Rose: The sinking of the Arctic Rose was a mystery. So, the United States Coast Guard (USCG) Formal Marine Board of Investigation started an investigation soon. The USCG investigation led to several key findings: Progressive Flooding and Open Watertight Door: The investigation concluded that the vessel capsized due to rapid, progressive flooding. This flooding began when a large wave washed over the stern. As a result, water poured through an aft doorway into the processing space. However, the doorway was designed to be kept closed at all times to maintain watertight integrity. Once the water entered the processing area, it quickly spread to other compartments. So, there was a “free surface effect” dramatically reducing the vessel’s stability. Unverified Vessel Modifications: The investigation highlighted unverified modifications of the vessel. The owners had altered the vessel’s weight and configuration after a 1999 stability test. Critically, they didn’t contact a naval architect to re-evaluate the effect of these weight changes on the ship’s stability. So, these modifications likely made the ship unseaworthy. Crew Training and Experience: The USCG also found that many of the 15 crewmen, including foreign nationals, were inexperienced in commercial fishing. Most of them had only limited or introductory exposure to abandon ship drills. Also, the crewmen lacked knowledge of survival suit donning. Nonetheless, at what speed the ship sank, within 2 minutes, would also make experienced crews helpless. Regulatory Lapses: The Arctic Rose was classified at 199 tons. So, it was just under the 200-ton threshold. The wattage was strategically positioned to avoid the required
The Largest Cruise Ship on Fire | Royal Caribbean International’s Icon of the Seas Fire and Temporary Power Loss
Key Takeaways: Contained Small Fire: Icon of the Seas caught a small, localized fire within its machinery or generator room in June 2024; it was not a widespread disaster. No Injuries Reported: Royal Caribbean confirmed that there were no injuries and fatalities due to the power fluctuation in the ship. Crew Expertise Prevented Escalation: Highly trained crew members used onboard fire suppression systems to contain and extinguish the blaze. Brief Power Disruption: There was a temporary power fluctuation/outage. However, backup systems were activated immediately to continue the necessary work. Itinerary Maintained: Despite the minor accident, the Icon of the Seas maintained its full navigational capability. Also, it continued its planned Caribbean itinerary. The Royal Caribbean International’s Icon of the Seas is a marvel of modern engineering and design. In June 2024, it captured global attention after reports of a fire and a temporary power outage while at sea. Since it is the world’s largest cruise ship, any operational problem quickly spreads worldwide. Following it, travelers, news media, and maritime authorities expressed their concern. The phrase, Cruise Ship on Fire can indicate a massive disaster. However, the reality of the incident was far less dramatic. There was a small, contained fire within a technical area of the ship. The crew managed the fire swiftly without any damage. Nonetheless, it caught the attention of all for being the largest cruise ship on earth. A Detailed Overview of Royal Caribbean Icon of The Seas The Icon of the Seas was launched in January 2024. And right from the word go, it redefined ocean travel. The cruise ship spans 20 decks and measures 1,198 feet long. It can accommodate approximately 7,600 passengers. At the same time, it has dedicated 2,350 crew members. The ship weighs 250,800 gross tons. Hence, the cruise ship is often described as a floating city for its gigantic size. It also offers eight distinct neighborhoods, multiple waterparks. Moreover, its revolutionary dome-like structure made it more famous. Six Wärtsilä engines power the advanced propulsion system. The engines run on Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), causing less pollution than traditional marine diesel. The luxury cruise ship is equipped with cutting-edge safety systems. Furthermore, its highly specialized engineering teams ensure the smooth operation of its vast electrical, mechanical, and technical infrastructure. So, it is understandable how crucial the fast response of the crew members was during last year’s fire breakout. Otherwise, it could have endangered the travelers’ lives. The Largest Cruise Ship on Fire and Temporary Power Loss: The Icon of the Seas caught fire on June 25, 2024. The ship was sailing on an itinerary in the Caribbean Sea. Initial reports were sensationalized, using phrases like “Icon of the Seas Fire” and “cruise ship catches fire.” So, it made people concerned about the ship and the passengers’ safety. However, Royal Caribbean soon clarified the matter. It was a local event with a small-scale fire breaking out. Also, the crew members responded to the fire soon after. They contained and extinguished it using the ship’s suppression system. Subsequent investigation also supported this claim and praised the emergency response teams. The Critical Consequence There was a temporary power fluctuation or partial power loss. Modern cruise ships, like the Icon of the Seas, rely on multiple generators and electrical systems to power everything. It includes propulsion, lighting, air conditioning, and guest services. Thus, a fire in a critical machinery space is critical to maintain safety protocols. The crew must isolate the affected area and shut down the specific equipment. It might cause a brief and localized power disruption. And the same thing happened with the cruise ship. Royal Caribbean confirmed that the event caused a minor power fluctuation. However, the ship maintained its full navigational capabilities. Also, the authority ensured that the ship was never in danger. The temporary power interruption lasted only a few minutes. Also, the backup systems ensured minimal inconvenience to travelers. Icon Of The Seas Incident Details: The fire originated in a generator room. The space houses critical components of the vessel’s extensive electrical power generation system. Also, it was a separate space from the ship’s main LNG storage. The primary propulsion area, housing the six massive engines, was far away from the fire. The crew promptly detected and responded to the fire. So, their quick response prevented the situation from escalating. Most travelers on board didn’t even notice the fire. It means the crew contained the fire within the ship’s engineering sections. There were no ship-wide emergency signs. Also, guests resumed their daily activities as soon as the crew members resolved the issue and stabilized the power system. The quick response highlights the effectiveness of the ship’s advanced fire detection and suppression systems. These are mandatory under international SOLAS (Safety of Life at Sea) regulations for modern cruise ships. Icon Of The Seas Engine Fire: Initial media reports referred to an “Icon of the Seas” engine fire. However, the fire was only a local event that happened in the machinery or generator room. The fire was confined to its electrical generation area. There was no engine failure or combustion in one of the six main Wärtsilä propulsion engines. The distinction is vital: an isolated generator room fire is serious but manageable. Whereas a failure in a main propulsion engine could affect the ship’s ability to maneuver. There was a technical issue that caused the fire, but it never spread outside the generator room. Possibly, the following reasons were: Electrical faults Insulation failure Oil leaks near hot surfaces Component overheating Maritime regulatory bodies conducted a thorough investigation and submitted an internal file. However, it was never disclosed. So, the public is unaware of the actual reason for the fire. How the Cruise Crews Handled the Situation: The cruise ship crews were exemplary. Their high-level preparedness and quick emergency response were crucial in handling the situation effectively. The crew immediately activated the emergency response plan upon detecting the fire. It included: Isolation: The crew swiftly isolated the affected machinery space. It helped
Explanation: Can You Sue A Cruise Line | How To Sue | Passenger Rights And Lawsuits
Key Takeaways: Cruise lines try to limit lawsuits: Cruise lines make passengers sign a contract that limits their ability to sue, but they can’t prevent all lawsuits. Reasons why to sue a cruise line: There are a few reasons, such as illness or injury, that allow a passenger to sue a cruise line. Cruise lines have a duty of care to its passengers: A cruise operator has to keep its passengers safe and take reasonable precautions to prevent passenger injuries. How maritime law affects cruise ships: Multiple different acts and sets of laws create something that’s known as maritime law. Steps to file a lawsuit against a cruise line: Proving the cruise line operator was negligent requires evidence, and a maritime lawyer can help you prove your case. You’re on a cruise ship and enjoying yourself. Suddenly some accident or mishap happens that interrupt your enjoyment and may even hurt you physically and mentally. It could violate your right as passenger and right at that moment you can think, “Can you sue a cruise line? Is it possible to claim compensation from them under maritime law?” Generally, passengers sign a contract with the cruise line while traveling that often limits their right to sue. However, under different circumstances and categories, passengers still hold the right to sue a cruise line for negligence and failure to maintain their duty of care. Can You Sue a Cruise Line? Yes, you can sue a cruise line, but only under certain circumstances. When you purchase a ticket for a cruise, you sign a contract known as the passenger contract ticket. This contract restricts your ability to sue the cruise line for damages. But that doesn’t mean you can’t ever sue the operator for an injury you received while on the ship. Some of the reasons why you can sue a cruise line include: Negligence Injury Medical malpractice Lack of security Wrongful death In order to sue a cruise ship operator, you have to bring suit within a specific time frame and file the lawsuit where the operator is headquartered. This makes it more difficult to file, but not impossible with the help of a maritime lawyer who’s familiar with the process of suing a cruise line. Even though you sign a passenger ticket contract that limits your rights, you can still sue a cruise line. Read on to learn more about how to sue a cruise line for injuries you received as a passenger aboard a cruise ship. What type of cruise injury can you sue for? You retain the right to sue for the following types of injuries sustained on a cruise ship. Slip and fall injuries: A fall or slip on a ship that results in a serious injury is an incident where you can sue the cruise operator. The cause of your injury has to be the result of poor maintenance or neglect. On-shore injuries during an excursion: The cruise operator is responsible for verifying the integrity of a third-party operator or vendor of an on-shore activity or excursion. If the cruise line failed to properly investigate the background of the third-party vendor, the cruise line can be held liable for injuries. Assault and battery: In the event a passenger is assaulted by another passenger or a crew member, the cruise line is liable and can be sued. The cruise line operator failed to provide a safe environment for the passenger. Medical malpractice: In the event a member of the medical staff crew acted negligently in their care of a passenger, the passenger can sue for medical malpractice. A few common medical malpractices on a cruise ship, are: Negligent medical staff care. Improper diagnosis or treatment. Cruise ship doctor liability. Failure to properly evacuate. Inadequate medical facilities. Food poisoning: The cruise line operator has to make sure the food and drink it serves is safe for people to eat. If you suffer food poisoning from poorly handled food, you can sue for damages. Who Is Responsible for a Cruise Injury? It’s not always immediately clear as to who’s liable for an injury sustained on a cruise ship. The cruise line operator has to make sure the ship is reasonably safe for passengers. That means the ship has to be well-maintained and hazards are addressed promptly. When the operator is not keeping the ship safe, and a passenger suffers an injury as a result, the operator is responsible for the injury. Understanding Passenger Rights in a Cruise Injury Claim: As a passenger on a cruise ship, you are limited by your passenger ticket contract that outlines what you can’t sue over. The contract also requires you to engage in arbitration with a third party. However, the cruise line has a duty of care to its passengers, which means it has to provide a safe environment that’s free from risk of injury. When the cruise line fails in its duty of care, it has violated your rights to be free from harm, and you can file a lawsuit. Proving Negligence in a Cruise Injury Lawsuit: In order to prove negligence by a cruise ship operator, you need to have evidence that backs up your experience. Some of the types of evidence include: Cruise ticket and contract that shows the ship’s responsibility to you Ship’s logs Security camera footage Witness statements Documentation is essential to proving that the cruise operator failed to keep you safe during your trip. What Laws Apply on a Cruise Line? Cruise lines are governed by multiple sets of laws. The primary laws that they have to obey are known as maritime laws, followed by US federal law for lines that operate from US ports. International laws are enforced when a ship is at sea and in a location that’s not governed by the previous laws. Last, but not least, the ship is also governed by the laws of the country from where the ship is registered. Maritime Laws (Admiralty Law): Primarily, maritime law governs all nautical matters, accidents,
Top 10 World’s Biggest Cargo Ship Accidents You Should Know About
Cargo vessels are the lifeline of the global economy. Cargo ships move trillions of dollars in goods across the oceans annually. However, over the past few decades, we have seen some of the world’s biggest cargo ship accidents. It has impacted human lives, caused massive financial losses, and inflicted severe environmental damage. From the Ever Green blocking the Suez Canal to the SS Grandcamp blast killing hundreds, cargo ship accidents have shaken the world from time to time. Following this, various safety precautions have been implemented by other nations and authorities to minimize casualties. Top 10 World’s Biggest Cargo Ship Accidents: Cargo ships, despite their gigantic size, have encountered many accidents. Some have caused billions of damages and others have taken away lives of hundreds. Let’s take a look at the top 10 such accidents of cargo ships. Ship Name Year Location Primary Cause Key Impact / Loss of Life SS Grandcamp 1947 Texas City, USA Ammonium Nitrate Explosion Worst U.S. industrial disaster; 580+ deaths. Ever Given 2021 Suez Canal, Egypt Grounding (Blocked Waterway) Halted 12% of global trade for 6 days; billions in economic loss. SS Marine Sulphur Queen 1963 Florida Keys, USA Disappearance/Structural Failure All 39 crew members lost; led to regulatory changes. SS El Faro 2015 Off the Bahamas Sank in Hurricane Joaquin Worst U.S. maritime loss in decades; all 33 crew members lost. SS Marine Electric 1983 Off Virginia coast, USA Capsized during storm 31 crew members lost; led to major safety reforms, including survival suits. SS Edmund Fitzgerald 1975 Lake Superior, USA Sank in powerful storm All 29 crew members lost; famous Great Lakes mystery. MV Dali 2024 Baltimore, USA Collision with Bridge Pier Caused the Francis Scott Key Bridge collapse; massive infrastructure and port shutdown. ONE Apus 2020 Pacific Ocean Extreme Rolling in Storm Loss of 1,816 containers Felicity Ace 2022 Atlantic Ocean Fire (carrying 4,000 cars) Sank with a cargo of 4,000 high-value luxury cars Maersk Honam 2018 Arabian Sea Massive Fire in Cargo Hold 5 crew members killed; major scrutiny on Hazmat cargo stowage. Ever Given – Blocked the Suez Canal (2021): Ever Given became grounded on March 23, 2021. Its grounding is one of the most commercially impactful maritime incidents in modern history. The Panama-flagged ultra-large container (ULC) ship ran aground diagonally in the Suez Canal, a crucial waterway linking the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. Although the ship didn’t face any damage, it blocked the entire Suez Canal. It took six consecutive days to straighten Ever Green and reopen the Suez Canal. the risks associated with the increasing size of container ships. The larger the ship, the more difficult it becomes for the ship to navigate narrow passage. The salvage operations included dredging and tugboats. After a relentless rescue operation of 6 days, the vessel was refloated on March 29, So, the backlog of hundreds of ships finally cleared and world trade started fully once again. Nonetheless, the blockade of the Suez Canal marked an unprecedented moment of disruption in international commerce. SS Grandcamp – Texas City Disaster (1947): The SS Grandcamp exploded in Texas City, Texas, on April 16, 1947. Till date, it is regarded as the worst industrial disaster in U.S. history. The French-flagged vessel was docked. It was carrying approximately 2,300 tons of ammonium nitrate. The ammonium nitrate is a highly volatile chemical compound. It is used for fertilizer and explosives. A fire ignited in the cargo hold caused the massive explosion. It eventually leveled the port area, destroying hundreds of buildings. The explosion even ignited fires on other ships. The initial blast killed hundreds of people instantly, including many firefighters and rescue personnel. What’s worse, the blast started a chain reaction. It also resulted in the explosion of the nearby SS High Flyer. Official counts placed the death toll at over 580. Also, thousands more were injured. SS Marine Sulphur Queen – Disappeared at Sea (1963): SS Marine Sulphur Queen sank and disappeared in February 1963. It still remains one of the most enduring mysteries of U.S. maritime history. The cargo ship was actually a converted T2 tanker. It was carrying highly corrosive molten sulfur. However, the vessel vanished without a trace near the Florida Keys. The ship was traveling from Beaumont, Texas, to Norfolk, Virginia. While everything seemed fine, the rescue team suddenly heard a final distress call on February 4, 1963. Search efforts were launched immediately. Sadly, the rescuers found only a few life preservers and fragments of wreckage. All 39 crew members were lost. The investigation concluded that the ship was unseaworthy. It included: Poor maintenance Unattended corrosion Structural weakness All these led to likely breaking apart of the ship in rough seas. Following the disaster, US authority brought significant regulatory changes for vessel design and inspection. SS El Faro – Sank During Hurricane Joaquin (2015): One of the US maritime losses in the decade was the SS El Faro. It sank on October 1, 2015 while traveling from Jacksonville, Florida, to San Juan, Puerto Rico. Unfortunately, it sailed directly into the path of Hurricane Joaquin off the coast of the Bahamas. There were several weather forecasts and warnings given to the captain. Yet the captain chose the route, exposing the ship to extreme weather conditions. The ship lost propulsion, took on water, and ultimately sank in deep waters. All 33 crew members aboard were lost unfortunately. The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) immediately began the investigation. It found that the captain’s poor decision-making was the principal region. Also, the vessel’s inadequate stability and lack of communication were among other major factors. It led to a thorough review of weather reporting and safety protocols for U.S.-flagged vessels. Also, different cargo ship authorities and weather channels updated their weather forecast system, following it. SS Marine Electric – Capsized During Storm (1983): The capsizing of the SS Marine Electric on February 12, 1983 was a major cargo ship accident. It was so serious that it led to one of the most significant changes